Buying instrument disinfectant - safe and hygienic
Disinfectants are used to prevent the risk of infection with infectious diseases and their spread. There are different types of disinfectants, for example for disinfecting instruments, hands, wounds or surfaces. The agent provides effective protection against viruses and bacteria and is used to clean the area of application.
To prevent the transmission of pathogens via used medical instruments, these instruments are disinfected and cleaned after use. This means they can be used again without hesitation. One exception to this is disposable instruments, which are disposed of immediately after use.
Instruments must be reprocessed immediately after use without being stored in between. In outpatient care services or mobile foot care, used instruments are placed in a lockable box immediately after use and transported closed for reprocessing.
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Buying instrument disinfectants - Classification of instruments
The various instruments are categorized into different critical levels depending on their area of application.
Non-critical instruments
These instruments only come into contact with intact skin. Sterilization is not required for them. These instruments include, for example, ECG electrodes, ultrasound heads, stethoscopes and bandage scissors.
Semi-critical instruments
This type of instrument comes into contact with mucous membranes or pathologically altered skin. Sterilization is optional. They include, for example, oral care utensils, clamps and forceps (e.g. Magill forceps, nail or corner forceps) and tubes (e.g. Guedel or Wendl tubes).
Critical instruments
These instruments penetrate the skin or mucous membrane. In doing so, they come into contact with blood, internal tissues and organs. They are also sometimes used in wound treatment. Sterilization is mandatory here. These instruments include scalpel and cannula holders, skin forceps and scissors, tweezers, guide rods for intubation and rotary instruments such as drills or cutters.
Instrument disinfection - How are instruments cleaned and disinfected?
All instruments used that are not disposable items must be cleaned in accordance with the disinfection plan and procedural instructions.
Disinfection procedure
First of all, protective gloves must be worn before reprocessing the instruments. If there is a risk of splashing, protective gowns and masks must also be worn. An instrument tray with insert basket and lid or an ultrasonic device is used for the disinfectant. A ready-to-use solution of the instrument disinfectant is prepared in it. The manufacturer's instructions for dosage and service life must be observed in particular.
The dosage, exposure time and standing time of the solution must be clearly documented. Carefully remove coarse soiling (e.g. blood, skin residue) from the instruments beforehand using a cellulose cloth. The instruments are then placed in the disinfectant solution for cleaning and disinfection. If necessary, instruments must be opened beforehand (e.g. scissors) or disassembled into individual parts. They must be immersed completely free of air bubbles. If necessary, rinse cavities with disinfectant solution. Overall, the manufacturer's exposure time should be observed to ensure optimum effectiveness.
Rinse, sterilize and dry instruments
After the exposure time, the instruments should be rinsed thoroughly with drinking water. Residual soiling should then be thoroughly cleaned again with a brush before being disinfected again. Only clean instruments may be sterilized. The instruments are then dried, for example with compressed air. Recontamination must be avoided during rinsing and drying.
Check instruments for proper functioning
Once the instrument has been prepared, it should be checked for proper functioning. This involves checking that it is intact. Damaged instruments must be returned for repair. The use of a specific care product is recommended for certain instruments. Only suitable care products may be used.
Instrument disinfectants - concentrates and their material compatibility
Disinfectant concentrates are mixed with water to form ready-to-use solutions. For dosage, the product label should be read and the instructions strictly adhered to. The instrument disinfection solutions only have a certain shelf life (= service life), which can be found in the manufacturer's instructions. The solutions are then used for immersion disinfection. Some products can also be used for ultrasonic devices. There are usually different exposure times for the different applications.
Disinfectants - Material compatibility of instrument disinfectants
Information on material incompatibility can be found on the labels and product data sheets of the products. These should be observed to protect the medical instruments.
Do not mix surface disinfectants
Accordingly, disinfectants containing alcohol should not be used on alcohol-sensitive materials, such as light or non-ferrous metals. In addition, instrument disinfection and cleaning should not be mixed (unless expressly instructed by the manufacturer). This can lead to reduced product efficacy. Different disinfectants should also not be mixed with each other. This can otherwise lead to discoloration or inactivation of the products. The instrument tray should be thoroughly cleaned before changing the product.
Only use designated preparations
In general, only preparations that are expressly intended for this purpose should be used for instrument disinfection. For example, these contain corrosion inhibitors to prevent rust formation. Preparations that do not contain these components can damage the instruments.
Buying instrument disinfectants - packaging, sterilization and storage of instruments
There are also a number of aspects to consider when packaging, sterilizing and storing disinfected instruments.
Packaging of instruments
Depending on the instrument classification, some instruments are packaged before use or sterilization.
Non-critical instruments do not need to be packaged. Neither do semi-critical instruments. The only exception here is for outpatient care services or mobile chiropodists, where the instruments are packaged before sterilization. Critical medical devices must in turn be packaged. As a rule, this packaging consists of mechanical protective packaging, DIN-compliant sterilization packaging and, if necessary, outer packaging. This equipment must be checked for completeness after each use and supplemented if necessary. Sterile items with damaged packaging must be replaced.
Sterilization of instruments
Cleaning and disinfection of the instruments is a prerequisite for safe sterilization. The latter is carried out depending on the classification of the instrument (see classification of instruments). Sterilization is considerably more aggressive than disinfection. The aim is to achieve absolute sterility. To achieve this, microorganisms including bacterial spores are killed.
Storage of instruments
The reprocessed medical devices must be stored in dry, dark and cool rooms, protected from dust. In surgeries, semi-critical instruments can be stored on a tray or container in the cabinet/drawer. These can then be placed on the work surface with the tray for immediate treatment.
The storage periods must be observed during storage. For unpackaged, disinfected instruments, this is 4 hours for open storage. For closed storage, it is up to 48 hours. For packaged, sterilized instruments, the time limit for open storage is 48 hours. For protected storage, it is 6 months; for industrially produced sterile goods in storage packaging, it is generally 5 years according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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